Multiscale Modelling of Fluid Flow in a Lymph Node

Lymph nodes (LNs) are organs scattered throughout the lymphatic system which play a vital role in our immune response by breaking down bacteria, viruses, and waste; the interstitial fluid, called lymph once inside the lymphatic system, is of fundamental importance in this process as it transports these substances inside the lymph node. The main mechanical
features of the lymph node include the presence of a porous bulk region (lymphoid compartment, LC), surrounded by a thin layer (subcapsular sinus, SCS) where the fluid can flow freely.
These nodes are vital for filtering and processing lymph, which contains immune cells, antigens, and other molecules. Understanding the fluid dynamics within lymph nodes is essential for elucidating immune mechanisms and developing therapies for lymphatic disorders. Despite its significance, few models in the literature attempt to describe lymph behavior from a mechanical perspective.
In this talk, we will introduce a mathematical model, derived using the asymptotic homogenization technique, to describe fluid flow within a lymph node, considering its multiscale nature. We will discuss how this model can elucidate flow patterns, pressure distribution, and shear stress within the node.